Lymphedema is a chronic condition characterized by the buildup of lymphatic fluid, leading to swelling in one or more areas of the body, most commonly the arms or legs.[1] This occurs when the lymphatic system, which helps regulate fluid levels and immune response, becomes blocked or damaged [2]. The swelling associated with lymphedema can cause significant discomfort and affect mobility, leading to complications such as infections and skin changes. Inflammation is another common symptom, contributing to further discomfort and the risk of developing more serious conditions. 

While conventional treatments, such as compression therapy and manual lymphatic drainage, are commonly used to manage the symptoms of lymphedema, [3]  acupuncture is gaining attention as a complementary treatment. This article will explore how acupuncture can help reduce swelling and inflammation, offering a natural, holistic approach to managing lymphedema.

Understanding Lymphedema

What is Lymphedema?

Lymphedema is a condition that occurs when the lymphatic system, responsible for draining excess fluids and supporting the immune system, becomes impaired. This results in fluid retention and swelling in tissues, commonly in the arms or legs. [1]. 

Lymphedema can be caused by various factors, including:

Primary lymphedema: This is a rare condition caused by an inherited abnormality in the lymphatic system. [4]   

Secondary lymphedema: This is the most common type of lymphedema and can be caused by: 

Surgery, particularly cancer surgery that removes or damages lymph nodes

Radiation therapy

Infections

Parasites

Injuries

Certain medical conditions, such as filariasis [2]  

Traditional Western Medicine Approach

Traditional Western medicine approaches to lymphedema typically involve:

Manual lymphatic drainage (MLD): A specialized massage technique that helps move fluid through the lymphatic system.  

Compression garments: Elastic garments worn to reduce swelling and improve lymphatic flow. 

Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to address underlying causes of lymphedema or to create new lymphatic pathways. [4]  

Acupuncture and Lymphedema

In Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), acupuncture is based on the concept of energy flow, or Qi (pronounced “chee”), which moves through the body along pathways called meridians. According to TCM theory, when Qi becomes blocked or unbalanced, it can lead to health issues, including swelling and fluid retention. Acupuncture helps to restore the smooth flow of Qi, promoting balance in the body and supporting proper fluid circulation. This is particularly important for individuals with lymphedema, as it helps the body regulate excess lymphatic fluid.

How Acupuncture Works

There are a lot of different physiological and neurological factors that go into how acupuncture works. 

Stimulation of nerves: Acupuncture needles stimulate nerves at the insertion site, which can trigger a range of physiological responses. [5]  

Endorphin release: Acupuncture may stimulate the release of endorphins, the body’s natural pain-relieving chemicals. [5]   

Modulation of the immune system: Acupuncture has been shown to influence the immune system, potentially improving the body’s ability to fight infection and inflammation. [5]  

Regulation of the autonomic nervous system: Acupuncture may help regulate the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary functions such as heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion. [5]  

Acupuncture and Its Potential Benefits

Acupuncture is an ancient Chinese medical practice that involves inserting thin needles into specific points on the body. [1] It is thought to speed up the body’s natural healing processes.  

Acupuncture has shown promise as a complementary therapy for lymphedema. Studies have suggested that acupuncture may help:

Improve lymphatic flow: Acupuncture may stimulate the lymphatic system, promoting fluid drainage and reducing swelling. [5] 

Reduce inflammation: Acupuncture can help reduce inflammation, which is often associated with lymphedema. [5]  

Relieve pain: Acupuncture can be effective in managing the pain and discomfort associated with lymphedema. [5]  

While more research is needed, acupuncture offers a promising alternative or complementary approach for individuals with lymphedema.

Research and Evidence Supporting Acupuncture for Lymphedema

More research is needed to fully understand how acupuncture works and how it can help people with lymphedema, but some studies have shown promising results:

A systematic review and meta-analysis published in the Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine found that acupuncture was effective in reducing swelling and improving quality of life in patients with lymphedema. [6]  

A randomized controlled trial conducted in China demonstrated that acupuncture was superior to conventional treatment in reducing lymphedema-related swelling and improving upper limb function. The case series reported positive outcomes for patients with lymphedema who received acupuncture treatment. [5]   

While the evidence we have so far is encouraging, more research is needed to fully understand how acupuncture for lymphedema works and what benefits it offers. It’s important to consult with a qualified healthcare professional to determine if acupuncture is a suitable treatment option for you.

Frequently Asked Questions about Acupuncture for Lymphedema

Safety

• Acupuncture is generally considered a safe and minimally invasive procedure when performed by a qualified practitioner.
• However, it’s important to inform your acupuncturist about any underlying medical conditions or medications you are taking.
• Potential side effects of acupuncture are minimal and may include mild discomfort at the needle insertion site or bruising.

Number of Sessions Required

• The number of acupuncture sessions needed for lymphedema can vary depending on the severity of the condition, individual response to treatment, and other factors.
• A typical course of treatment may involve multiple sessions over several weeks or months.
• Your acupuncturist will be able to provide you with a personalized estimate based on your specific needs.

Acupuncture is a potentially helpful way to treat lymphedema in addition to other treatments. Acupuncture can help a lot with lymphedema pain by improving fluid circulation, lowering swelling, relieving pain, and making it easier to move around. Also, because acupuncture is holistic, it improves overall health by balancing the body’s energy, which makes patients feel better and better able to deal with their condition.

For those looking to incorporate acupuncture into their lymphedema management plan, it is important to consult with a licensed acupuncturist who can create a personalized treatment plan tailored to your specific needs. Working alongside other healthcare providers will ensure a comprehensive and effective approach to managing symptoms and improving quality of life.

If you are interested in exploring acupuncture as a potential treatment option for lymphedema, we encourage you to schedule a consultation with Dr. Fu. During the consultation, you can discuss your specific needs, ask questions, and learn more about how acupuncture can benefit you.